qos
PostgreSQL QoS 资源治理扩展（会话与查询限流/隔离）
概览
| 扩展包名 | 版本 | 分类 | 许可证 | 语言 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pg_qos | 1.0 | ADMIN | GPL-3.0 | C |
| ID | 扩展名 | Bin | Lib | Load | Create | Trust | Reloc | 模式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5240 | qos | 否 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 否 | - |
| 相关扩展 | prioritize pg_permissions pg_readonly pg_crash pg_cooldown pg_rewrite pg_repack pgfincore |
|---|
requires shared_preload_libraries = ‘qos’; official support PG15+
版本
| 类型 | 仓库 | 版本 | PG 大版本 | 包名 | 依赖 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXT | PIGSTY | 1.0 | 1817161514 | pg_qos | - |
| RPM | PIGSTY | 1.0.0 | 1817161514 | pg_qos_$v | - |
| DEB | PIGSTY | 1.0.0 | 1817161514 | postgresql-$v-qos | - |
| OS / PG | PG18 | PG17 | PG16 | PG15 | PG14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| el8.x86_64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 el8.x86_64.pg18 : pg_qos_18 pg_qos_18-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el8.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el8.x86_64.pg17 : pg_qos_17 pg_qos_17-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el8.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el8.x86_64.pg16 : pg_qos_16 pg_qos_16-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el8.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el8.x86_64.pg15 : pg_qos_15 pg_qos_15-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el8.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY MISS |
| el8.aarch64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 el8.aarch64.pg18 : pg_qos_18 pg_qos_18-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el8.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el8.aarch64.pg17 : pg_qos_17 pg_qos_17-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el8.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el8.aarch64.pg16 : pg_qos_16 pg_qos_16-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el8.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el8.aarch64.pg15 : pg_qos_15 pg_qos_15-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el8.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY MISS |
| el9.x86_64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 el9.x86_64.pg18 : pg_qos_18 pg_qos_18-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el9.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el9.x86_64.pg17 : pg_qos_17 pg_qos_17-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el9.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el9.x86_64.pg16 : pg_qos_16 pg_qos_16-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el9.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el9.x86_64.pg15 : pg_qos_15 pg_qos_15-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el9.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY MISS |
| el9.aarch64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 el9.aarch64.pg18 : pg_qos_18 pg_qos_18-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el9.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el9.aarch64.pg17 : pg_qos_17 pg_qos_17-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el9.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el9.aarch64.pg16 : pg_qos_16 pg_qos_16-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el9.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el9.aarch64.pg15 : pg_qos_15 pg_qos_15-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el9.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY MISS |
| el10.x86_64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 el10.x86_64.pg18 : pg_qos_18 pg_qos_18-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el10.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el10.x86_64.pg17 : pg_qos_17 pg_qos_17-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el10.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el10.x86_64.pg16 : pg_qos_16 pg_qos_16-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el10.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el10.x86_64.pg15 : pg_qos_15 pg_qos_15-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el10.x86_64.rpm
| PIGSTY MISS |
| el10.aarch64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 el10.aarch64.pg18 : pg_qos_18 pg_qos_18-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el10.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el10.aarch64.pg17 : pg_qos_17 pg_qos_17-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el10.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el10.aarch64.pg16 : pg_qos_16 pg_qos_16-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el10.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 el10.aarch64.pg15 : pg_qos_15 pg_qos_15-1.0.0-1PIGSTY.el10.aarch64.rpm
| PIGSTY MISS |
| d12.x86_64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 d12.x86_64.pg18 : postgresql-18-qos postgresql-18-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~bookworm_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d12.x86_64.pg17 : postgresql-17-qos postgresql-17-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~bookworm_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d12.x86_64.pg16 : postgresql-16-qos postgresql-16-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~bookworm_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d12.x86_64.pg15 : postgresql-15-qos postgresql-15-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~bookworm_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY MISS |
| d12.aarch64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 d12.aarch64.pg18 : postgresql-18-qos postgresql-18-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~bookworm_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d12.aarch64.pg17 : postgresql-17-qos postgresql-17-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~bookworm_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d12.aarch64.pg16 : postgresql-16-qos postgresql-16-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~bookworm_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d12.aarch64.pg15 : postgresql-15-qos postgresql-15-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~bookworm_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY MISS |
| d13.x86_64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 d13.x86_64.pg18 : postgresql-18-qos postgresql-18-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~trixie_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d13.x86_64.pg17 : postgresql-17-qos postgresql-17-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~trixie_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d13.x86_64.pg16 : postgresql-16-qos postgresql-16-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~trixie_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d13.x86_64.pg15 : postgresql-15-qos postgresql-15-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~trixie_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY MISS |
| d13.aarch64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 d13.aarch64.pg18 : postgresql-18-qos postgresql-18-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~trixie_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d13.aarch64.pg17 : postgresql-17-qos postgresql-17-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~trixie_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d13.aarch64.pg16 : postgresql-16-qos postgresql-16-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~trixie_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 d13.aarch64.pg15 : postgresql-15-qos postgresql-15-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~trixie_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY MISS |
| u22.x86_64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 u22.x86_64.pg18 : postgresql-18-qos postgresql-18-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~jammy_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u22.x86_64.pg17 : postgresql-17-qos postgresql-17-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~jammy_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u22.x86_64.pg16 : postgresql-16-qos postgresql-16-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~jammy_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u22.x86_64.pg15 : postgresql-15-qos postgresql-15-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~jammy_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY MISS |
| u22.aarch64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 u22.aarch64.pg18 : postgresql-18-qos postgresql-18-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~jammy_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u22.aarch64.pg17 : postgresql-17-qos postgresql-17-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~jammy_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u22.aarch64.pg16 : postgresql-16-qos postgresql-16-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~jammy_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u22.aarch64.pg15 : postgresql-15-qos postgresql-15-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~jammy_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY MISS |
| u24.x86_64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 u24.x86_64.pg18 : postgresql-18-qos postgresql-18-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~noble_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u24.x86_64.pg17 : postgresql-17-qos postgresql-17-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~noble_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u24.x86_64.pg16 : postgresql-16-qos postgresql-16-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~noble_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u24.x86_64.pg15 : postgresql-15-qos postgresql-15-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~noble_amd64.deb
| PIGSTY MISS |
| u24.aarch64 | PIGSTY 1.0.0 u24.aarch64.pg18 : postgresql-18-qos postgresql-18-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~noble_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u24.aarch64.pg17 : postgresql-17-qos postgresql-17-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~noble_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u24.aarch64.pg16 : postgresql-16-qos postgresql-16-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~noble_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY 1.0.0 u24.aarch64.pg15 : postgresql-15-qos postgresql-15-qos_1.0.0-1PIGSTY~noble_arm64.deb
| PIGSTY MISS |
构建
您可以使用 pig build 命令构建 pg_qos 扩展的 RPM / DEB 包：
pig build pkg pg_qos # 构建 RPM / DEB 包
安装
您可以直接安装 pg_qos 扩展包的预置二进制包，首先确保 PGDG 和 PIGSTY 仓库已经添加并启用：
pig repo add pgsql -u # 添加仓库并更新缓存
使用 pig 或者是 apt/yum/dnf 安装扩展：
pig install pg_qos; # 当前活跃 PG 版本安装
pig ext install -y pg_qos -v 18 # PG 18
pig ext install -y pg_qos -v 17 # PG 17
pig ext install -y pg_qos -v 16 # PG 16
pig ext install -y pg_qos -v 15 # PG 15
dnf install -y pg_qos_18 # PG 18
dnf install -y pg_qos_17 # PG 17
dnf install -y pg_qos_16 # PG 16
dnf install -y pg_qos_15 # PG 15
apt install -y postgresql-18-qos # PG 18
apt install -y postgresql-17-qos # PG 17
apt install -y postgresql-16-qos # PG 16
apt install -y postgresql-15-qos # PG 15
预加载配置：
shared_preload_libraries = 'qos';
创建扩展：
CREATE EXTENSION qos;
用法
qos 扩展为 PostgreSQL 提供服务质量（QoS）资源治理，允许管理员对每个角色和每个数据库设置内存使用、CPU 核心数和并发事务/语句的限制。
配置参数
| 参数 | 类型 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
qos.work_mem_limit | 字节 | 每个会话的最大有效 work_mem |
qos.cpu_core_limit | 整数 | 会话可用的最大 CPU 核心数 |
qos.max_concurrent_tx | 整数 | 最大并发事务数 |
qos.max_concurrent_select | 整数 | 最大并发 SELECT 语句数 |
qos.max_concurrent_update | 整数 | 最大并发 UPDATE 语句数 |
qos.max_concurrent_delete | 整数 | 最大并发 DELETE 语句数 |
qos.max_concurrent_insert | 整数 | 最大并发 INSERT 语句数 |
角色级限制
ALTER ROLE app_user SET qos.work_mem_limit = '32MB';
ALTER ROLE app_user SET qos.cpu_core_limit = '2';
ALTER ROLE app_user SET qos.max_concurrent_select = '100';
数据库级限制
ALTER DATABASE appdb SET qos.max_concurrent_tx = '200';
角色+数据库组合限制
ALTER ROLE app_user IN DATABASE appdb SET qos.work_mem_limit = '4MB';
ALTER ROLE app_user IN DATABASE appdb SET qos.max_concurrent_update = '10';
执行行为
- 工作内存：拦截
SET work_mem并拒绝超过配置限制的值 - CPU 限制（仅 Linux）：通过 CPU 亲和性将后端绑定到 N 个 CPU 核心；在非 Linux 平台上改为限制并行工作进程
- 并发：执行器钩子按类型跟踪活动事务/语句；违规将阻止执行
可观测性
SET client_min_messages = 'debug1'; -- 启用 QoS 事件的调试输出
角色级和数据库级设置中最严格的组合生效。需要 shared_preload_libraries = 'qos' 和 PostgreSQL 15+。