扩展详情
每个 PostgreSQL 扩展的详细信息，可用性情况，下载链接，使用说明
Pigsty 中扩展的完整清单，请参考 扩展列表，RPM 包列表，DEB 包列表。
元数据说明
扩展（Extension, name）是 PostgreSQL 中的一个逻辑功能模块，名称与 pg_available_extensions 系统视图中的名称一致，是 PostgreSQL 世界里的唯一标识。
使用 CREATE EXTENSION <name> 来创建一个扩展，使用 DROP EXTENSION <name> 来删除一个扩展。
扩展包（Package, pkg）是包含一个或多个扩展的二进制软件包（RPM 或 DEB）。一个扩展包可能包含多个扩展，
例如 postgis 扩展包中包含了 postgis、postgis_topology、postgis_raster 等多个扩展。
扩展包的名称不一定与扩展名一致，例如扩展包 pgvector 对应的核心扩展名为 vector。
当一个扩展包中包含多个扩展时，会有一个首要扩展（Lead Extension, lead）作为该包的代表。
首要扩展通常是包中最核心的扩展，其他扩展被视为 “兄弟扩展”。
分类维度
扩展可以按照以下维度进行分类：
| 维度 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 分类 | 按功能划分为 16 个预定义类目，见下方分类表 |
| 协议 | 按开源许可证分类：MIT、PostgreSQL、Apache-2.0、GPL 等 |
| 语言 | 按实现语言分类：C、C++、Rust、SQL、Python 等 |
| 仓库 | 按归属仓库分类：PGDG、PIGSTY、CONTRIB、MIXED |
属性标记
每个扩展都有 7 个布尔属性标记，在扩展列表中以 7 位字符串 cbsLdtr 的形式展示，每一位代表一个属性：
| 位 | 字符 | 列名 | 字段 | 全称 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | c | Contrib | contrib | 内核自带 | 是否为 PostgreSQL 内核自带的 contrib 扩展 |
| 2 | b | Bin | has_bin | 二进制 | 扩展包是否包含额外的可执行二进制文件/命令行工具 |
| 3 | s | Solib | has_lib | 共享库 | 扩展是否包含共享库文件（.so），即 C/Rust 编译产物 |
| 4 | L | Load | need_ddl | 显式加载 | 是否需要通过 shared_preload_libraries 预加载并重启 |
| 5 | d | DDL | need_load | 需要创建 | 是否需要执行 CREATE EXTENSION DDL 语句完成安装 |
| 6 | t | Trust | trusted | 信任扩展 | 是否为受信任的扩展，普通用户（非超级用户）可直接创建 |
| 7 | r | Reloc | relocatable | 可重定位 | 扩展是否可以被安装到指定的 Schema 中 |
当该属性为真时，显示对应字母；为假时，显示短横线 -。
例如 --sLd-r 表示该扩展包含共享库，需要预加载，需要创建，不受信任（需要超级用户来创建）但可重定位。
可用性状态
Pigsty 为每一个扩展都提供了 版本可用性矩阵，这是一个表格，行为操作系统（例如 el9.x86_64），列为 PG 大版本（18, 17, …）。
每一个单元格代表这个 Linux 操作系统与 PG 大版本组合下的扩展状态，包括：
- 版本：这个 OS/PG 组合下，该扩展的最新可用版本号，如果缺失则显示为
MISS。 - 仓库：上面的最新可用版本是来自哪个 仓库？可能是 PGDG/PIGSTY
- 状态：扩展的状态如下表所示，状态会使用徽章的颜色进行区分与标记：
| 状态 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| AVAIL | 可用（PGDG 仓库），显示该平台上可用的具体版本号 |
| AVAIL | 可用（PIGSTY 仓库），显示该平台上可用的具体版本号 |
| AVAIL | 可用（CONTRIB 内核自带），显示该平台上可用的具体版本号 |
| MISS | 缺失，该平台上没有可用的二进制包 |
| HIDE | 隐藏，该扩展已知不支持此 PG 版本（如版本范围限制） |
| THROW | 异常，该包存在但安装时会抛出错误 |
| BREAK | 损坏，该包存在但运行时可能导致问题 |
| FORK | 分支，需要使用特定的 PostgreSQL 内核分支版本 |
数据库模式
Pigsty 扩展目录的模式定义于 github.com/pgsty/pgext，数据位于 extension.csv 中。
Extension 表结构定义
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pgext.extension
(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, -- Unique extension identifier
name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE, -- Extension name as it appears in pg_extension
pkg TEXT NOT NULL, -- Normalized package name (may differ from extension name)
lead_ext TEXT, -- Leading/primary extension in multi-extension packages
category TEXT, -- Category classification (TIME, GIS, RAG, FTS, etc.)
state TEXT, -- Extension state: available, deprecated, removed, not-ready
url TEXT, -- Extension homepage or source repository URL
license TEXT, -- Software license (PostgreSQL, MIT, Apache-2.0, etc.)
tags TEXT[], -- Additional classification tags
version TEXT, -- Latest available version of this extension
repo TEXT, -- Source repository type (github, gitlab, etc.)
lang TEXT, -- Primary programming language (C, SQL, PLpgSQL, Rust, etc.)
contrib BOOLEAN, -- Whether this is a PostgreSQL contrib extension
lead BOOLEAN, -- Whether this is the lead extension in its package
has_bin BOOLEAN, -- Whether extension includes binary executables
has_lib BOOLEAN, -- Whether extension includes shared libraries (.so/.dll)
need_ddl BOOLEAN, -- Whether requires CREATE EXTENSION DDL to install
need_load BOOLEAN, -- Whether requires LOAD or shared_preload_libraries
trusted BOOLEAN, -- Whether non-superuser can install (trusted extension)
relocatable BOOLEAN, -- Whether extension can be relocated to different schema
schemas TEXT[], -- Fixed schema names if not relocatable
pg_ver TEXT[], -- Supported PostgreSQL major versions
requires TEXT[], -- Extension dependencies (other extensions required)
require_by TEXT[], -- Extensions that depend on this extension
see_also TEXT[], -- Related or similar extensions
rpm_ver TEXT, -- Latest RPM package version
rpm_repo TEXT, -- RPM repository source (PGDG, PIGSTY, etc.)
rpm_pkg TEXT, -- RPM package name template ($v for PG version)
rpm_pg TEXT[], -- PostgreSQL versions available in RPM
rpm_deps TEXT[], -- RPM package dependencies
deb_ver TEXT, -- Latest DEB package version
deb_repo TEXT, -- DEB repository source (PGDG, PIGSTY, etc.)
deb_pkg TEXT, -- DEB package name template ($v for PG version)
deb_deps TEXT[], -- DEB package dependencies
deb_pg TEXT[], -- PostgreSQL versions available in DEB
source TEXT, -- Source tarball name if built by Pigsty
extra JSONB, -- Additional metadata in JSONB format
en_desc TEXT, -- English description of extension functionality
zh_desc TEXT, -- Chinese description of extension functionality
comment TEXT, -- Additional notes or special instructions
mtime DATE DEFAULT CURRENT_DATE -- Last modification date of this record
);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ext_name_pkg_idx ON pgext.extension (name, pkg);
COMMENT ON TABLE pgext.extension IS 'PostgreSQL Extension Central Catalog Table';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.id IS 'Unique integer identifier for each extension';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.name IS 'Extension name as it appears in PostgreSQL system catalog (pg_extension)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.pkg IS 'Normalized package name used for package management (may differ from extension name)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.lead_ext IS 'Primary/leading extension name in multi-extension packages';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.category IS 'Functional category: TIME, GIS, RAG, FTS, OLAP, FEAT, LANG, TYPE, UTIL, FUNC, ADMIN, STAT, SEC, FDW, SIM, ETL';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.state IS 'Extension lifecycle state: available, deprecated, removed, not-ready';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.url IS 'Extension homepage or source code repository URL (GitHub, GitLab, etc.)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.license IS 'Software license (e.g., PostgreSQL, MIT, Apache-2.0, GPL, BSD)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.tags IS 'Additional classification tags as string array for flexible categorization';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.version IS 'Latest available version of this extension';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.repo IS 'Source repository hosting platform (github, gitlab, bitbucket, etc.)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.lang IS 'Primary implementation language (C, SQL, PLpgSQL, Rust, Go, Python, etc.)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.contrib IS 'Whether this is an official PostgreSQL contrib extension';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.lead IS 'Whether this is the primary/lead extension in a multi-extension package';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.has_bin IS 'Whether the extension package includes binary executables/utilities';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.has_lib IS 'Whether the extension includes shared library files (.so on Linux, .dll on Windows)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.need_ddl IS 'Whether extension requires CREATE EXTENSION DDL command to install';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.need_load IS 'Whether requires explicit LOAD or shared_preload_libraries configuration';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.trusted IS 'Whether non-superuser can install this extension (trusted extension feature)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.relocatable IS 'Whether extension can be relocated to a different schema after installation';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.schemas IS 'Fixed schema names if extension is not relocatable (must be installed in specific schema)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.pg_ver IS 'Array of supported PostgreSQL major versions (e.g., {14,15,16,17,18})';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.requires IS 'Array of extension dependencies (other extensions that must be installed first)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.require_by IS 'Array of extensions that depend on this extension (reverse dependency list)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.see_also IS 'Array of related or similar extensions (for discovery and comparison)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.rpm_ver IS 'Latest available RPM package version';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.rpm_repo IS 'RPM repository source (PGDG, PIGSTY, EPEL, etc.)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.rpm_pkg IS 'RPM package name template where $v is replaced with PostgreSQL major version';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.rpm_pg IS 'Array of PostgreSQL versions available as RPM packages';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.rpm_deps IS 'Array of RPM package dependencies (system libraries and other packages)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.deb_ver IS 'Latest available DEB package version';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.deb_repo IS 'DEB repository source (PGDG, PIGSTY, etc.)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.deb_pkg IS 'DEB package name template where $v is replaced with PostgreSQL major version';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.deb_deps IS 'Array of DEB package dependencies (system libraries and other packages)';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.deb_pg IS 'Array of PostgreSQL versions available as DEB packages';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.source IS 'Source code tarball filename if built and distributed by Pigsty';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.extra IS 'Additional extension metadata stored as JSONB for extensibility';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.en_desc IS 'English description of extension functionality and purpose';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.zh_desc IS 'Chinese description of extension functionality and purpose';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.comment IS 'Additional notes, special instructions, or warnings';
COMMENT ON COLUMN pgext.extension.mtime IS 'Last modification timestamp of this record';